high_scalability high_scalability-2010 high_scalability-2010-937 knowledge-graph by maker-knowledge-mining
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Introduction: Partitioning is what differentiates scaling-out from scaling-up, isn't it? I thought so too until I read Pat Helland's blog post on Hyder , a research database at Microsoft, in which the database is the log, no partitioning is required, and the database is multi-versioned . Not much is available on Hyder. There's the excellent summary post from Mr. Helland and these documents: Scaling Out without Partitioning and Scaling Out without Partitioning - Hyder Update by Phil Bernstein and Colin Reid of Microsoft. The idea behind Hyder as summarized by Pat Helland (see his blog for the full post): Hyder is a software stack for transactional record management. It can offer full database functionality and is designed to take advantage of flash in a novel way. Most approaches to scale-out use partitioning and spread the data across multiple machines leaving the application responsible for consistency. In Hyder, the database is the log, no partitioning is required, and the data
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1 I thought so too until I read Pat Helland's blog post on Hyder , a research database at Microsoft, in which the database is the log, no partitioning is required, and the database is multi-versioned . [sent-2, score-0.337]
2 It can offer full database functionality and is designed to take advantage of flash in a novel way. [sent-7, score-0.173]
3 In Hyder, the database is the log, no partitioning is required, and the database is multi-versioned. [sent-9, score-0.272]
4 Raw flash (not SSDs – raw flash) offers at least 10^4 more IOPS/GB than HDD. [sent-14, score-0.166]
5 Also, with many-core servers, computation can be squandered and Hyder leverages that abundant computation to keep a consistent view of the data as it changes. [sent-18, score-0.224]
6 Appending a record to the log involves a send to the log controller and a response with the location in the log into which the record was appended. [sent-20, score-1.291]
7 In this fashion, many servers can be pushing records into the log and they are allocated a location by the log controller. [sent-21, score-0.794]
8 It turns out that this simple centralized function of assigning a log location on append will adjudicate any conflicts (as we shall see later). [sent-22, score-0.622]
9 The Hyder stack comprises a persistent programming language like LING or SQL, an optimistic transaction protocol, and a multi-versioned binary search tree to represent the database state. [sent-23, score-0.539]
10 The Hyder database is stored in a log but it IS a binary tree. [sent-24, score-0.559]
11 So you can think of the database as a binary tree that is kept in the log and you find data by climbing the tree through the log. [sent-25, score-0.955]
12 For transaction execution, each server has a cache of the last committed state. [sent-29, score-0.162]
13 That cache is going to be close to the latest and greatest state since each server is constantly replaying the log to keep the local state accurate [recall the assumption that there are lots of cores per server and it’s OK to spend cycles from the extra cores]. [sent-30, score-0.528]
14 So, each transaction running in a single server reads a snapshot and generates an intention log record. [sent-31, score-0.749]
15 The transaction gets a pointer to the snapshot and generates an intention log record. [sent-32, score-0.743]
16 The server generates updates locally appending them to the log (recall that an append is sent to the log controller which returns the log-id with its placement in the log). [sent-33, score-1.182]
17 Updates are copy-on-write climbing up the binary tree to the root. [sent-34, score-0.412]
18 Changes to the log are only done by appending to the log. [sent-36, score-0.492]
19 The system-wide throughput of update transactions is bounded by the update pipeline. [sent-40, score-0.206]
20 It is estimated this can perform 15K update transactions per second over a 1GB Ethernet and 150K update transactions per second over a 10GB Ethernet. [sent-41, score-0.338]
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